The+Cold+War

**Copy this page onto a new page in your online notebook. To get an overview of the origins of the Cold War, begin by reading [|Allies to Enemies: Origins of the Cold War] from ABC-CLIO.** **Use pages 794-799 in //Creating America// and** **[|“The Cold War” research list on ABC-CLIO]** **to** **develop a complete description** **for each event or idea from the early years of the Cold War.** **This information will help set the stage for tomorrow's activity. Use the first entry as an example for detail.**

[|The Truman Doctrine document] ||
 * **THE YALTA CONFERENCE**
 * Meeting near the end of WWII - big 3 meet to discuss post war Europe
 * Germany will be divided, controlled by the Allies
 * Liberated Eastern European countries will have new elections
 * United Nations will be formed
 * USSR is given great influence over Eastern Europe, and new government must be "Soviet freindly"
 * the roots of the Cold War are established || [[image:turningpoints2010:yalta.jpg width="299" height="227" align="center" caption="yalta.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:un.gif align="center" caption="un.gif"]] || **THE UNITED NATIONS**
 * North Atlantic Treaty Organization- created by United States, Canada, and ten Western European nations.
 * The Warsaw Pact- created by the Soviet Union and Eastern European nations.
 * Nation is splitting apart to Communist and capitalism ||
 * **CONTAINMENT**
 * Containment is a policy that was first implemented by the United States in 1947 in response to communism.
 * It is meant to prevent—through political, economic, and diplomatic methods—the growth of a hostile country's territory and to limit the country's ideological influence.
 * stressed the need to hold firm against aggression, repel the efforts of dictators, and guard against expansionism || [[image:turningpoints2010:kennan.jpg width="281" height="218" align="center" caption="George Kenean"]] ||  ||
 * George Kenean || was in charge of long-range planning for the State Department following World War II. He developed the concept of "containment" as a strategy to keep Soviet influence from expanding and maintain the status quo. ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:truman.jpg align="center" caption="truman.jpg"]] || **THE TRUMAN DOCTRINE**
 * Promised aid to people struggling to resist threats to democratic freedom.
 * happened on March 12, 1947
 * giving $400 million to the two countries
 * formed the backbone of America's cold war policy and led to both financial and military entanglements throughout the world, including the wars in Korea and Vietnam.
 * < **THE MARSHALL PLAN**


 * Proposed by Secretary of State George C. Marshall
 * plan hoped to stabilize Europe—thus protecting it against communist influences—by repairing European economies and infrastructures.
 * hoping to prevent the spread of communism
 * offered 13 billion dollar in aid to Western and Southern Europe
 * Helped the Nation of Europe rebuild it self.

[|The Marshal Plan document] || || [|North Atlantic Treaty] || ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:airlift.jpg width="344" height="261" align="center" caption="airlift.jpg"]] || **THE BERLIN BLOCKADE AND AIRLIFT**
 * massive transfer of essential supplies flown into Berlin, Germany during 1948 and 1949 by British and U.S. forces in around-the-clock missions.
 * most extraordinary peacetime military operation in history.
 * transporting good by air
 * Soviet Union ended blockade on May 12, 1949 and conceded defeat.
 * Soviet Union sent 77,264 flights into Berlin carrying 2,343,315 tons of food and coal.
 * The lives of 75 British and American airmen were lost during the period. ||
 * **NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT**
 * North Atlantic Treaty Organization- created by United States, Canada, and ten Western European nations.
 * mutual defense alliance of nations from Europe and North America.
 * organized to defend member nations from the possible aggression of the Soviet Union and the nations of Eastern Europe
 * NATO has a staff of about 1,200 at its headquarters in Brussels, with an international military staff of some 430.
 * The official languages of the alliance are English and French.
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg width="262" height="229" align="center" caption="19471023_Reagan_HUAC.jpg"]] || **THE RED SCARE, THE ROSENBERGS, AND HUAC**
 * refers to the irrational but rampant fear of communism that swept the United States twice during the 20th century.
 * first red scare took place after World War I during 1919-1920
 * happened when when Americans were particularly concerned with the rise of communism
 * trial of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg for conspiracy to commit espionage in wartime under the Espionage Act of 1917 ||
 * **COMMUNISM IN CHINA**
 * mainly due to a man named Mao Zedong
 * China's citizens experienced starvation, extreme poverty, and grief resulting in the loss of many innocent lives. This set the stage for the acceptance of men like Zedong
 * rule of warlords around 1916, many Chinese began joining revolutionary groups and political parties in hopes of changing their country. During and after the Great Revolution (1914—1918), China saw several movements which strongly fostered a path into Communism. || [[image:turningpoints2010:PRCFounding.jpg align="center" caption="PRCFounding.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:korean67.gif width="221" height="225" align="center" caption="korean67.gif"]] || **THE KOREAN WAR

No need to take notes - you will have a different assignment and activity** ||
 * **MCCARTHYISM** * Joseph McCarthy made a public accusation that more than two hundred “card-carrying” communists had infiltrated the United States government.
 * hunt for infiltrators
 * writers and entertainers, many of whom were labeled communist sympathizers and were unable to continue working
 * People were accused of being communists. || [[image:turningpoints2010:180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg align="center" caption="180px-Joseph_McCarthy.jpg"]] ||
 * [[image:turningpoints2010:1sputnik.jpg width="201" height="225" align="center" caption="1sputnik.jpg"]] || **THE SPACE RACE**
 * Soviet Union launched a series of Sputnik satellites
 * Sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957,second Sputnik satellite was launched on November 3, 1957, and last Sputnik installment was a space laboratory for the study of Earth's magnetic field and radiation belt that remained in orbit for nearly two years.
 * The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established in the United States by the 1958 National Aeronautics and Space Act at the urging of President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
 * NASA began its operation with the facilities and employees of the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), which it had replaced.
 * The Soviet Union and United States were fighting to get what they could up into space first. ||